Design and Implementation of Position Estimator Algorithm on Voice Coil Motor

Voice Coil Motors (VCMs) have been an inevitable element in the mechanisms that have been used for precise positioning in the applications like 3D printing., micro-stereolithography., etc. These voice coil motors translate in a linear direction and require a high accuracy position sensor that amounts for a major part in the budget. In this research work., an effort has been made to design and implement an algorithm that would predict the displacement of VCM and eliminate the need of high cost sensors. VCM was integrated with dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller via linear current amplifier (LCAM) which acts as a driver circuit for VCM. Sine input was given to VCM with various amplitude and frequency and the corresponding displacement is measured by using linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The position estimator algorithm is also implemented at the same time on VCM and its output is compared with that of LVDT. It is observed that there is 97.8 % accuracy in between algorithm output and LVDT output. Further., PID controller is used in integration with the novel algorithm to minimize the error. The estimator algorithm is tested for various amplitudes and frequencies and it is found that it has a very good agreement of 99.2% with the actual displacement measured with the help of LVDT

THE STUDY OF RIVER EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES AND METHODS USING REMOTE SENSING

In this paper, Methods and technology of river Extraction are studied. First DEM with K means, Hill Climbing, and Thresholding. Then different technics like NDWI, pixel-based (supervised and unsupervised) classification and object-based classification. Then a new water body extraction model was developed using the advantages of the OBIA and the NDWI. The need for this kind of method comes from the fact that it is hard for pixel-based classification methods and th NDWI method to separate water from another object that has a low albedo, and since it is impossible to separate them by their spectral differences, we have decided to include the NDWI within the object-based method

The Study Of River Extraction Techniques And Methods Using Remote Sensing

In this paper, Methods and technology of river Extraction are studied. First DEM with K means, Hill Climbing, and Thresholding. Then different technics like NDWI, pixel-based (supervised and unsupervised) classification and object-based classification. Then a new water body extraction model was developed using the advantages of the OBIA and the NDWI. The need for this kind of method comes from the fact that it is hard for pixel-based classification methods and th NDWI method to separate water from another object that has a low albedo, and since it is impossible to separate them by their spectral differences, we have decided to include the NDWI within the object-based method

BIG DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS POLICIES

Big Data arrangement concentrated on whether enormous information was ideal for your business, and gave a few cases of how huge information is being utilized as a part of the undertaking [1].  This study focuses on the tools that we can utilize for the analysis related to big data issues that occurs into business. As India’s big data   continues to growing and is facing challenges to enhance the data. In this article we will introduce how to really embrace huge information into your business, laying out seven systems that can enable you to find significant solutions from your information

Design and Performance Evaluation of Modular Compliant Mechanisms

In this study, modular design for compliant stage using a parallelogram flexure module is proposed. The material of the proposed stages chosen is Aluminium alloy T6-6051 due to excellent phase stability, low internal stresses, low density etc. The stage is driven by a linear electromagnetic actuator i.e. voice coil actuator. The preliminary static structural analysis is used to determine the range of motion, stiffness by considering stress limitations. FEA results show a maximum range of motion up to 30mm without exceeding stress limit of 275 Mpa. The proposed mechanisms provide low stiffness in the degree of freedom directions and provide large stiffness in the degree of constraint direction.so it is adequately constrained. The stage provides high precision and repeatability with an increased range of motion, minimal parasitic motions (i.e.150 microns) and limited cross axes coupling

Evaluation of Stiffness and Parametric Modelling of XY Flexure Mechanism for Precision Applications

In miniaturized scale electro-mechanical framework (MEMS) flexural instruments are generally utilized in light of their preferences, frictionless and wear less movement and high accuracy. Flexures rely upon material versatility for their usefulness. In flexure component, movement is created because of flexibility of the shaft from which it is made. One of the run of the mill favorable circumstances of flexural system is to increase exact twisting and adaptability to acquire movement wanted way. This paper manages outline, examination and displaying of XY flexure instrument which depends on twofold parallelogram flexure (DFM). The XY system exhibited has solid structure and it depends on twofold parallelogram flexure. Limited component model and investigation is completed in ANSYS 15. Static examination is done to discover constrain avoidance attributes of instrument. Parametric examination is utilized to improve outline parameters of flexure shaft. Limited component examination (FEA) result approves investigative outcomes of component

Design and Experimental Validation of Voice Coil Motor for High Precision Applications

Flexural structures are extensively beneficial when differentiated with conventional inflexible body structures where point accuracy positioning is strongly required extending in the range of microns. To fulfill clear and accurate positioning requirements, we come up with the solution of voice coil motors (VCM) with position estimator algorithm. Appropriate magnet and coil assembly is designed by considering the ultimate force for the application. Voice coil motor components are fabricated on milling machine and then assembled. This VCM is incorporated with dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller with the help of linear current amplifier (LCAM) which controls VCM with respect to desired amplitude and frequency. Displacement of coil of VCM is detected with respect to fixed magnet by using linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) which generates analog voltage signal in relation with motion of coil. Static characteristic such as stiffness is determined using force-deflection plot and dynamic characteristic like damping factor and frequency response are estimated with the help of transient response obtained by providing step input to the motor. Further, PID controller is implemented on this VCM and it is error observed is less than ±0.S microns

Metalloids in plants: A systematic discussion beyond description

peer reviewedMetalloids represent a wide range of elements with intermediate physiochemical properties between metals and non-metals. Many of the metalloids, like boron, selenium, and silicon are known to be essential or quasi-essential for plant growth. In contrast, metalloids viz. arsenic and germanium are toxic to plant growth. The toxicity of metalloids largely depends on their concentration within the living cells. Some elements, at low concentration, may be beneficial for plant growth and development; however, when present at high concentration, they often exert negative effects. In this regard, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake of metalloids by roots, their subsequent transport to different tissues and inter/intra-cellular redistribution has great importance. The mechanisms of metalloids' uptake have been well studied in plants. Also, various transporters, as well as membrane channels involved in these processes, have been identified. In this review, we have discussed in detail the aspects concerning the positive/negative effects of different metalloids on plants. We have also provided a thorough account of the uptake, transport, and accumulation, along with the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of plants to these metalloids. Additionally, we have brought up the previous theories and debates about the role and effects of metalloids in plants with insightful discussions based on the current knowledge